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    1.  Optimize motor design and selection

    –  Select high efficiency motor  :

    – When choosing the motor of the micro centrifugal pump, priority is given to the motor model with high efficiency. By improving the electromagnetic design of the motor and using high-quality materials, the energy loss inside the motor is reduced. For example, the use of silicon steel sheet with high magnetic permeability as the motor core material can reduce the core loss; Select high quality enamelled wire to reduce winding resistance and copper loss. These measures can enable the motor to maintain operation with relatively low power consumption when idling.

    –  Reasonable match motor power and pump body  :

    – Precisely match the motor power according to the actual working requirements of the micro centrifugal pump. Avoid too much motor power, because the motor with too much power will consume more energy due to its own higher design power when driving the pump idling, even if the load is small. For example, if the micro centrifugal pump can meet the requirements with only 100W of power when it is working normally, do not choose a motor with 200W of power, which can reduce unnecessary power consumption when idling.

    1.  Improve pump structure and material

    –  Reduce impeller weight  :

    – Optimize the design of the impeller to minimize its weight while ensuring the strength and performance of the impeller. For example, new lightweight but high-strength composite materials, such as carbon fiber reinforced plastics, are used to fabricate impellers. When the lighter impeller is idling, the moment of inertia that the motor needs to overcome is small, thus reducing the power consumption of the motor. Because according to the law of rotation \(M = iα \) (\(M\) is torque, \(I\) is moment of inertia, \(α\) is angular acceleration), the moment of inertia is reduced, under the same angular acceleration, the required torque is small, and the motor power consumption is reduced.

    –  Reduces internal friction  :

    – Fine machining of the mechanical parts inside the pump body to improve surface finish and reduce friction between parts. For example, the fit between the pump shaft and the bearing is more precise, and better lubrication methods are used, such as the use of high-performance grease or lubricating oil, or the use of self-lubricating materials to make bearings. In this way, when the pump is idling, the power of the motor to overcome the friction will be reduced due to the reduction of internal friction.

    1.  Installation and operation control measures

    –  Installation of flow sensors and controllers  :

    – Install a flow sensor in the pipeline system of the micro-centrifugal pump, when the flow is detected to be zero (that is, the pump may be in an idling state), adjust the running state of the motor through the controller in time. For example, the speed of the motor can be reduced to a lower level, so that the motor can maintain idling at a lower power until there is a normal flow demand, and then return to normal speed. This intelligent control mode can effectively reduce the power consumption during idling.

    –  Set automatic start-stop device  :

    – Set a reasonable automatic start and stop device according to the actual application scenario. For example, in some systems that intermittently use micro centrifugal pumps, such as small fountain units, the motor automatically stops running when the fountain stops working (the pump is idling) for a certain period of time. It can determine whether the pump is idling by detecting the pressure, water level or other relevant parameters, and then realize automatic start and stop control to avoid the power consumption of the pump for a long time.