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    1.  Appearance check

    –  Check motor housing  :

    – First look at the motor housing for signs of damage, such as cracks, breakage or deformation. If the motor housing is damaged, it may affect the tightness of the motor, causing dust, moisture, etc., to enter the motor interior and damage the motor windings and other components. For example, if there is a crack in the motor housing, in a humid environment, water is easy to penetrate, resulting in a short circuit of the motor.

    – Check that the heat sink of the motor (if any) is intact and not blocked by debris. The function of the heat sink is to help the motor heat dissipation and keep the working temperature of the motor normal. If the heat sink is damaged or covered by dust, fiber and other debris, the motor has poor heat dissipation, which will cause the motor to overheat and affect its normal operation.

    –  View motor wiring  :

    – Carefully check whether the wiring of the motor is firm and whether there are signs of loosening, falling off or burning. Loose wiring may lead to poor motor contact, intermittent power failure or power-on, affecting the normal operation of the motor, and may even produce electrical sparks, causing safety hazards. The burnt wiring indicates that the motor may have experienced problems such as overload or short circuit.

    1.  Power check

    –  Listen to the motor running sound  :

    – After the motor is powered on, carefully listen to the running sound of the motor. The normal motor running sound should be smooth and uniform, without abnormal friction, hum or other harsh sounds. If you hear the motor emit abnormal noise, such as sharp friction sound, it may be the bearing of the motor wear, rotor and stator friction; If there is a humming sound, it may be caused by a lack of phase or voltage imbalance of the motor.

    –  Observe the start of the motor  :

    – Pay attention to whether the starting process of the motor is smooth. Under normal circumstances, the motor should be able to start smoothly in a short period of time (generally a few seconds to ten seconds, depending on the power and load of the motor), and the speed gradually rises to the rated speed. If the motor is difficult to start, such as the starting time is too long, the speed rises slowly or there is a jitter phenomenon, it may be that the motor’s starting capacitance is damaged, the load is too heavy or the motor itself is faulty.

    1.  Measure motor parameters

    –  Measure motor voltage  :

    – Measure the input voltage of the motor using the voltage gear of the multimeter. Ensure that the voltage is within the allowable range of the rated voltage of the motor, and the general fluctuation range should not exceed ±10% of the rated voltage. If the voltage is too low, the motor may not start normally or run weak; Too high a voltage may damage the motor’s insulation and windings.

    –  Measuring motor current  :

    – Place the multimeter in the current gear and connect it in series in the power supply line of the motor (pay attention to the safety of operation and avoid electric shock) to measure the working current of the motor. The actual working current of the motor should be close to its rated current. If the current is too large, it indicates that the motor may be overloaded or there is a short circuit fault; The current is too small may be the load of the motor is too light or the motor itself has problems, such as a partial break in the winding.

    –  Check motor insulation resistance  :

    – Use a megohm meter to measure the insulation resistance between the motor winding and the housing. The insulation resistance value should meet the specified requirements of the motor, in general, for small micro-diaphragm pump motors, the insulation resistance should not be less than 0.5 megohm. If the insulation resistance is too low, it indicates that the insulation performance of the motor is reduced, which may lead to electric leakage of the motor, and there is a safety hazard.